Russian accession to the WTO on China textile trade impact
Release Time: 2007-8-5|Read: 501 times | Print
2006年11月19日，俄美签署俄入世双边协议后，经多年努力，俄入世道路上的最大障碍终于清除，如一切顺利，2007年内俄有望成为WTO正式成员。On November 19, 2006, Russia and the United States signed a bilateral agreement Russia, after years of efforts, Russia's accession to the WTO on the road to finally remove the greatest obstacle, if all goes well, the year 2007 is expected to become Russia's WTO membership. 纺织品是中俄（苏）贸易的传统商品，也是中方出口的主要商品之一。Textiles are China and Russia (Soviet Union) trade in traditional commodities, and China's main export commodities one. 但由于苏联解体后，受俄灰色清关等因素影响，双边纺织品贸易一直处于混乱无序之中，我大型企业绝大部分未进入，个体户和中小企业充当主角，在俄企业利益无保障，商品声誉欠佳。But after the breakup of the Soviet Union, by Russia gray customs clearance and other factors, the bilateral textile trade has been in chaos, I most large enterprises entered, the self-employed and SMEs to take a leading role in Russia's business interests insecurity, commodities poor reputation. 俄加入世贸组织，贸易环境将有所改善，为我大型企业进入带来了曙光。Russia's accession to the WTO, trade environment will be improved, I brought large enterprises to enter the dawn. 一、中俄纺织品贸易现状A Sino-Russian textile trade status 俄罗斯是我纺织品出口主要市场之一，随着俄入世步伐加快，我出口出现了较大波动。Russian textile exports is one of the major markets, with the accelerated pace of Russia's accession to the WTO, I saw a big fluctuations. 据海关统计，2005年中俄纺织品服装贸易额为62.18亿美元，增长35%。According to customs statistics, in 2005 the Sino-Russian trade volume of textiles and garments to 6.218 billion US dollars, an increase of 35%. 其中，中方出口62.13亿美元，增长35.4%，进口480万美元，下降21.6%。Within this total, China's exports to 6.213 billion US dollars, increasing by 35.4% and imports 4.8 million US dollars, down 21.6%. 纺织品占中国对俄罗斯出口总额的47%。China's textile exports to Russia 47% of the total. 2006年，与两国贸易快速增长的趋势背道而驰，双边纺织品贸易出现大幅下降，为49.8亿美元，下降19.9%,基本为中方出口。In 2006, bilateral trade has witnessed rapid growth runs counter to the trend, the bilateral textile trade has been a substantial drop 49.8 billion dollars, a drop of 19.9%, basic for China's exports. 在中国对俄罗斯出口中所占份额也下降到32%。Chinese exports to Russia share has dropped to 32%. 俄从2005年我第5大出口市场退到第7位。Russia in 2005 from my first five largest export market retreated No. 7. 二、中俄纺织品贸易中存在的主要问题2, Russia textile trade the main problems （一）灰色清关(1) gray clearance 灰色清关是中俄纺织品服装贸易秩序混乱的根源。Gray clearance of the Chinese textile and apparel trade disorder causes. 由此直接引发的最主要问题包括：This directly caused the main issues include : 1、 在俄华商的利益无法得到保障。One, in the interests of the Russian Chamber can not be guaranteed. 由于得不到商品合法清关凭证，使得华商商品成为俄强力部门任意查抄的对象，损失惨重。The absence of legitimate goods clearance certificates, making the Russian Chamber of Trade as powerful departments arbitrary raids targeted heavy losses. 2、 双方统计数字差异巨大，未能反映实际贸易情况。2, the two sides statistics, the differences do not reflect the actual trade. 据俄有关专家估计，目前俄每年大约需进口150亿美元的纺织品服装满足国内市场需求。According to Russian experts estimated that will take about a year Russia imported 15 billion US dollars of textiles and garments to meet demand on the domestic market. 但俄罗斯海关统计，2005年统计进口仅12.3亿美元，其中服装8亿美元，并且全部从中国进口，从其它国家进口基本未有统计。Russian customs statistics, in 2005 the import statistics only 1.23 billion US dollars, of which 800 million US dollars clothing, and all the imports from China, imports from other countries failing basic statistics. 2006年1－9月，进口纺织品服装12.3亿美元（其中服装10亿美元）。From January to September 2006, imports of textiles and garments 1.23 billion US dollars (1 billion US dollars clothing). 3、 中国大型企业不敢直接进入俄市场。3, large Chinese enterprises can not directly enter the Russian market. 由于无法进行外汇核销和对俄贸易环境引发的市场风险担心，大型企业大多通过边贸批发，或通过在俄个体户销售，一直无法成为双边纺织品贸易的主体。Lack of foreign exchange reserves and Russia's trade environment triggered worry about the market risk, and large enterprises mostly through cross-border trade, wholesale, in Russia, or through the self-employed sales, has been unable to become a bilateral textile trade mainstay. 4、 商品信誉受到影响。4, commodities credibility been affected. 由于没有合法清关凭证，中国纺织品只能在市场上销售，不能进入专卖店或正规商场。Because no legitimate clearance certificates, the only Chinese textile products on the market, can not enter the store or conventional malls. 同时，还常常被扣上“走私货”的帽子。, Is often branded as the "smuggling goods" in the hat. 导致中国商品的形象和信誉一直不高。Leading Chinese goods on the image and credibility has not high. 5、 华商成为受攻击对象。Five merchants become targeted. 在俄打击非法清关公司过程中，在俄华商容易受到牵连，成为走私的帮凶和被打击的对象。In Russia against illegal customs clearance companies, in the course of the Russian Chamber of easily being implicated as an accomplice in the smuggling and the targets to be attacked. （二）俄单方面整治行为导致我出口受阻(2) Russia's unilateral actions have resulted in my training partner, 2006年伴随着普京对司法部门的整治力度加大和入世步伐加快，俄对市场秩序的整顿也逐渐扩2006 accompanied Putin on the training of the judiciary and the WTO intensified the pace Russia to rectify the market order has gradually expanded |
展。Show. 2006年，俄不仅在莫斯科地区，而且在其他地区对大市场进行了多次查抄。In 2006, Russia not only in the Moscow region, but also in other regions of the big market for a number of raids. 同时，更换了海关署长，多名海关官员因灰色清关而落马。Meanwhile, the replacement of the Director of Customs, Customs officials over a gray customs clearance dropped. 由于正常通关不畅，非正常通关又多面遇阻，导致中俄直接纺织品贸易下降，一些商人被迫经哈萨克和吉尔吉斯等地转口。Due to the normal clearance impeded, irregular clearance adds another surface, leading to direct Russian textile trade drop, some traders were forced to Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan by other re-exports. 特别是去年底俄出台禁止外国人从事零售业的政策后，大部分在俄华商对前景茫然，不敢贸然再进货。In particular, Russia introduced late last year against foreigners engaged in retail trade policies, the majority of the Russian Chamber of confusion in the future, not to rush into another purchase. 三、 俄加入世贸组织对双边纺织品贸易的影响Three Russian accession to the WTO on bilateral textile trade impact 俄加入世贸组织，近期内，将对中俄纺织品贸易带来一些冲击和波动。Russia's accession to the WTO, the immediate future, China and Russia will bring about some textile trade shocks and fluctuations. 主要原因是：The major reasons are : 1、 俄贸易环境历来被各国抱怨，入世后，整顿经营秩序将是俄入世后的首要任务之一。A Russian trade environment has always been States complained that after WTO entry, to rectify the order of operation will be Russia's accession to the WTO after one of the top priorities. 2、 “中国威胁论”和“中国移民论”在俄社会和官员中有一定市场，禁止外国人在市场上从事批发业务可看作是限制中国人参与俄经济的第一步，进一步采取什么措施还有待观察。2, the "China threat theory" and "Chinese immigrant" in Russian society and the officials are certain market, and foreigners are prohibited in the market for the wholesale business can be viewed as restrictions on Chinese participation in the Russian economy were the first step further measures taken remains to be seen. 3、 中国商人退出俄市场批发业务后，短期内，双方恐难以建立起新的贸易方式和途径予以弥补，将导致双边纺织品直接贸易出现萎缩。Three Chinese businessmen from the Russian market after the wholesale business, in the short term, both can hardly establish new trade and way to be filled, will lead to direct bilateral textile trade has been shrinking. 4、 俄海关政策变化不定，各地执行标准不一。4, the Russian Customs policy changes at the implementation of standards throughout. 入世后，将加大调整和整顿力度。After accession to the WTO will be increased adjustment and restructuring efforts. 外国企业要适应俄海关的变化需要一定时期。Foreign enterprises to adapt to the changes in Russian customs needs a certain period. 5、 由于对俄出口纺织品以中小企业和个体户为主，面对俄入世后出现的变化，适应能力低的企业将被迫退出。5, Russia's textile exports to mainly SMEs and the self-employed, in the face of Russia's accession to the WTO after the change, low adaptive capacity of enterprises will be forced to withdraw. 中俄纺织品贸易要想完全走向正规，实现持续和稳定发展，从长远看，将主要取决以下因素：China textile trade in order to completely informal, and realize sustained and steady development in the long run, Judgment to the following factors : 1、 俄政治局势保持长期稳定，做到政令畅通，严惩腐败；One, the political situation in Russia and to maintain long-term stability and thrive, and severely punish corruption; 2、 俄能信守入世承诺，降低进口关税，取消不合理收费；2, Russia will abide by WTO commitments to reduce import tariffs, the elimination of unreasonable fees; 3、 俄按世贸组织标准修改并完善有关海关、商业等法律法规，提高透明度，保证公正执法。3, Russia changes with the WTO standards and improve the customs and commercial laws and regulations to enhance transparency. to ensure impartial law enforcement. 4、 俄整顿贸易环境的措施到位，压缩市场贸易的规模，使对外贸易走向正常。4, Russia trade environment rectification measures in place, reducing the size of the market trade, foreign trade to become normal. 5、 中俄两国海关、质检、银行和运输等贸易管理和服务部门之间的合作进一步加深，创造更好有利于开展双边正常贸易的环境。5, the Chinese and Russian customs, quality control, banking and transportation management and service trade cooperation between the departments to further deepen, create better it will be beneficial to bilateral trade environment. 6、 规范中俄边境贸易，减少其不利因素和影响。6, standardize border trade between China and Russia, to reduce its negative factors and implications. 7、 双边政府部门采取有利措施，适时推动两国有实力的大企业建立联系，开展直接贸易合作。7, bilateral government departments to take positive measures to promote timely strength of large enterprises to establish contacts direct trade cooperation. 四、 中俄纺织业互补优势将长期存在Fourth, China and Russia are complementary to each other textile industry will exist for a long time 俄现有纺织企业3000家左右，但成规模的企业只有60多家。Russia's existing textile enterprises 3000, but the scale of more than 60 enterprises only. 大多数规模小，设备老化，四分之三的设备超过20年，生产效率低，成本高，产品竞争力远不抵国外同类产品。The majority of small-scale, aging equipment, and three-quarters of the equipment over 20 years, low productivity and high costs, far from being competitive products arrived in similar foreign products. 尽管俄政府曾出台轻纺业发展的优惠政策，但一直未得到有效落实。Although the Russian government has issued 110 preferential policies for the development of the industry, but has never been effectively implemented. 目前，每年用于设备更新的投资仅1亿多美元。Currently, the annual investment in the upgrading of equipment is only over 100 million US dollars. 此外，除亚麻和少量化纤外，其余基本上依赖进口，也制约了俄纺织业的发展。In addition to a small amount of chemical fiber and flax, the other largely dependent on imports, and also restricting the development of the Russian textile industry. |
受原料和劳动力资源限制，加之基础薄弱，因此俄纺织服装业不大可能快速发展。By raw materials and labor resource constraints, coupled with a weak foundation, the Russian textile industry is unlikely to rapid development. 同时，由于经济发展，居民生活水平提高，对纺织品的需求还会不断增加。Meanwhile, as economic development, people's living standards improve, the demand for textile products will keep increasing. 据俄专家预测，2010年需进口200－250亿美元纺织品满足国内需求。According to Russian experts forecast that in 2010 the need 200-250 billion dollars of imports to meet domestic demand for textiles.
中国纺织品由于在质量、档次和价格等方面正好适合俄普通民众需求，长期以来一直是俄市场最大供应者。Chinese textiles because of the quality, grade, and so the prices are suitable for the needs of ordinary Russian people, Russia has long been the largest supplier of the market. 从俄市场上我主要竞争者土耳其和越南的产能来看，短期内都无法取代中国。From the Russian market my main competitors Turkey and Vietnam production, the short term can replace China. 此外，中俄政治关系良好，部门间合作日益加深，促进双边贸易持续快速发展是双方的共同愿望，边境贸易活跃、运输便利、人员往来频繁等优势也是确保我长期作为俄纺织品服装最大供应者地位的重要因素。In addition, the two good political relations, inter-sectoral cooperation has been enhanced, to promote the sustained and rapid development of bilateral trade is the common aspiration of both active border trade and transport facilitation, frequent personnel exchanges as well as the advantages of long-term, as I have to ensure Russia's largest textile and apparel supplier status of the important factors.
