IC cards and ID cards distinction
Release Time: 2007-9-18|Read: 523 times | Print
IC cards and ID cards distinction
IC卡与ID卡的区别： IC cards and ID cards distinction:
有个朋友在我的论坛中发表过以下一篇帖，发觉有一定的借鉴性，现转帖出来共享。 I have a friend in a forum published following a written note, I found some of the draw is shared by trainers.
目前，许多建设智能小区或楼宇的发展商要上一卡通的项目，但对于是采用IC卡，还是采用ID卡做一卡通的问题上，还存在着很大的疑惑和误区。 Currently, many Intelligent Community building or buildings on the developers to Card project, but is using IC cards, or using ID cards to Card issue, there are still great doubts and misunderstanding. 这里就谈一下这两种卡的两个重大区别，以帮助大家走出误区。 Here to talk about the two major differences between the two cards to help you out errors.
名词解释： Glossary:
IC卡全称集成电路卡（Integrated Circuit Card），又称智能卡（Smart Card）。 The full name IC card IC (Integrated Circuit Card), also known as a smart card (Smart Card). 可读写，容量大，有加密功能，数据记录可*，使用更方便，如一卡通系统、消费系统等，目前主要有PHILIPS的Mifare系列卡。 Can read and write, high capacity, encryption, data records *, more convenient to use, such as Smart Card System, consumer systems, the main PHILIPS series Mifare cards.
ID卡全称身份识别卡（Identification Card），是一种不可写入的感应卡，含固定的编号，主要有台湾SYRIS的EM格式、美国HID、TI、MOTOROLA等各类ID卡。 ID card name identification cards (Identification Card), is a non-induction into the card, with a fixed number, mainly in Taiwan Syris EM format, HID, TI, Motorola and other kinds of ID cards.
一、为什么IC卡要做初始化（即加密）工作，而ID卡不用？ One, why do initialization IC card (ie encryption), and do not have ID cards?
1、 IC卡在使用时，必须要先通过IC卡与读写设备间特有的双向密钥认证后，才能进行相关工作，从而使整个系统具有极高的安全保障。 One, the use of IC cards, it must by IC card reader devices and the unique two-way key authentication before they can carry out related work, so that the whole system has high security.
所以，就必须对公司出厂的IC卡进行初始化（即加密），目的是在出厂后的IC卡内生成不可破解的一卡通系统密钥，以保证一卡通系统的安全发放机制。 Therefore, the company must be manufactured IC card initialization (encryption), is aimed at the factory after the IC card can not break the Generation Card Key System to ensure the safety of Card System mechanism.
2、 IC卡初始化加密后，交给用户使用时，客户通过IC卡发行系统，又将各用户卡生成自己系统的专用密钥。 2, IC card initialization encryption, to users, customers IC card issuance systems, the cards will generate its own system dedicated key.
这样，就保证了在其它用户系统发行的用户卡不能在该系统使用，保证了系统的专一性，从而保证了系统的安全使用机制。 So, we can be assured that other users in the system of issuing cards users can use the system to ensure that the specificity of the system, thus ensuring the safe use of the system mechanism.
3、 ID卡与磁卡一样，都仅仅使用了“卡的号码”而已，卡内除了卡号外，无任何保密功能，其“卡号”是公开、裸露的。 3, ID cards and magnetic cards, are only used "card numbers" only, in addition to card card numbers, no security function, "must precede" is open, exposed. 所以说ID卡就是“感应式磁卡”，也就根本谈不上需要还是不需要初始化的问题。 So ID card is the "magnetic induction," and it simply does not need or do not need initialization problem.
初始化过程为什么不交由用户自己做呢？ Why not initialization process by the users themselves? 这是因为： This is because:
1）、如果由用户自己初始化，就不能防范用户内部人员作弊。 1), if the user's own initialization, it is impossible to prevent internal users cheating. 因为用户在使用一卡通系统时，若有员工用社会上买来的卡随意初始化，便可随意发行成住户才能使用的住户卡，甚至可随意给卡充值消费，这不仅将造成严重作弊后果，也将导致一卡通系统的安全出现使用机制上的严重漏洞。 Card users because of the use of the system, if employees use the community bought the random initialization cards can be issued free to use the 10% of households households card, or even free to recharge card spending, this will not only cause serious consequences of cheating, Card system will also lead to the use of a safety mechanism on the serious flaws.
2）、另外，若用户买到劣质出厂卡自己初始化，而在系统上不能使用，则会使系统使用性能不良或瘫痪，这将造成事故责任不清。 2) In addition, if users buy their inferior Factory Card initialization, the system can not be used, the system will use bad performance or paralysis, which would clear responsibilities for the accident.
3）、初始化过程在厂家执行，主要是IC卡安全密钥认证机制的基本需要，也是IC卡系统集成商的行规。 3), initialization process manufacturers in the implementation of the IC card security is the main key authentication mechanism for basic needs, but also the IC card system integrator to the regulation. 就象城市公共交通IC卡一样，这些卡在交给公交系统使用前，每张卡的密钥都要进行出厂加密控制。 Like urban public transport as IC cards, these cards to the public transport system, each card key encryption to have control of the factory.
4）、如果因用户缺乏专业性管理而万一丢失了初始化授权用的密钥卡，用户和厂家将无法补用该卡。 4), if the user of the lack of professional management and the event lost initialization authorized by the key card, users and manufacturers will not be able to fill with the card. 所以，初始化工作由厂家做，才有安全保障。 Therefore, the initial work done by the manufacturers, only security.
二、IC卡系统与ID卡系统的比较 2, IC card system with the ID card system comparison
1、 安全性： A security:
IC卡的安全性远大于ID卡。 IC card security than ID cards. ID卡内的卡号读取无任何权限，易于仿制。 ID card read the card number without any authority, easy imitation.
IC卡内所记录数据的读取、写入均需相应的密码认证，甚至卡片内每个区均有不同的密码保护，全面保护数据安全，IC卡写数据的密码与读出数据的密码可设为不同，提供了良好分级管理方式，确保系统安全。 IC card reader records the data and write the corresponding password authentication is required, or even within each of the cards have different password protection, comprehensive protection for data security, IC card passwords and write data conversion password can be set to different classification management provides a good way to ensure system security.
2、 可记录性： 2, record:
ID卡不可写入数据，其记录内容（卡号）只可由芯片生产厂一次性写入，开发商只可读出卡号加以利用，无法根据系统的实际需要制订新的号码管理制度。 ID cards can not be written data, the records of the (card number) can only be a one-time write chip production plant, the developer only readable card numbers to use, not in accordance with the actual need for new numbers management system.
IC卡不仅可由授权用户读出大量数据，而且亦可由授权用户写入大量数据（如新的卡号、用户的权限、用户资料等），IC卡所记录内容可反复擦写。 IC cards not only authorized users can read large amounts of data, but also by authorized users write large amounts of data (such as new card numbers, user privileges, user information), the records of the IC card can be repeatedly erased.
3、 存储容量： 3, storage capacity:
ID卡仅仅记录卡号；而IC卡（比如Philips mifare1卡）可以记录约1000个字符的内容。 ID cards simply record card numbers; IC card (such as Philips mifare1 cards) can be recorded about 1,000 characters in the content.
4、 脱机与联网运行： 4, offline and networking operations:
由于ID卡卡内无内容，故其卡片持有者的权限、系统功能操作要完全依赖于计算机网络平台数据库的支持。 The ID Kaka in London, is the competence of its card holders, operating system functions to depend entirely on the computer network database platform support.
而IC卡本身已记录了大量用户相关内容（卡号、用户资料、权限、消费余额等大量信息），完全可以脱离计算机平台运行，实现联网与脱机自动转换的运行方式，能够达到大范围使用、少布线的需求。 IC card itself has a lot of records relevant to users (card numbers, user information, authority, consumption and the balance of information), can run from the computer platform to achieve interconnection and offline automatic conversion mode of operation can achieve large-scale use, less cabling needs.
5、 一卡通扩展应用： 5, Card expansion applications:
ID卡由于无记录、无分区，只能依赖网络软件来处理各子系统的信息，这就大大增加对网络的依赖；如果在ID卡系统完成后，用户欲增加功能点，则需要另外布线，这不仅增加了工程施工难度，而且增加了不必要的投资。 ID cards because no records, no zoning, only relying on the software to deal with the network subsystem information, which greatly increased reliance on the network; If the ID card system is completed, customers to increase the functional point, the need for additional wiring, which not only increased project construction difficult, but it also increases the unnecessary investment. 所以说，使用ID卡来做系统，难以进行系统扩展，难以实现真正的一卡通。 Therefore, the use of ID card system do, it is difficult for system expansion, it is difficult to realize a real Card.
而IC卡存储区自身分为16个分区，每个分区有不同的密码，具有多个子系统独立管理功能，如第一分区实现门禁、第二分区实现消费、第三分区实现员工考勤等等，充分实现一卡通的目的，并且可以做到完全模块化设计，用户即使要增加功能点，也无需再布线，只需增加硬件和软件模块，这便于IC卡系统以后的随时升级扩展，实现平稳升级，减少重复投资。 IC card into its own storage area 16 divisions, each district has different passwords, independent management subsystem with multiple functions, such as access control of the 1st Division, the 2nd Division of consumption, the 3rd District of staff attendance, and so on, the full realization of the purpose Card, and can be completely modular design, users even more functional, also no longer wiring, hardware and software to increase only module, which facilitates the IC card system upgrade at any time after the expansion and smooth upgrades, reduce duplication of investment.
比如：某小区曾建立了ID卡一卡通系统，但由于ID卡系统的上述弊端，系统无法投入日常使用，因而只能将该系统完全作废，后改采用IC卡一卡通系统。 For example: a district has established a Card ID card system, but because of the ID card system defects, the system could not be deployed for daily use, thus the system can completely void change after using IC cards Card System.
6、 智能化系统的维护和运行： 6, intelligent systems maintenance and operations:
比如：电脑发行了一张新的用户ID卡，就必须通过ID卡系统的网络，用人工方式将所有ID卡号一个个下载到各ID卡读卡控制器中，否则ID卡被作为无效卡而不能使用；若要更改用户权限，则需在每个ID卡控制器上输入有权限的ID卡号。 For example: computer issued a new user ID cards, ID cards must pass on the network, with all manner of an ID card numbers were downloaded to the ID card reader controller, or as an ID card was invalid cards and not use; To change user privileges, take in each ID card Controller importation of competence ID card numbers.
又比如：在系统投入使用后经常要新增ID卡，则每新增一张卡或修改了某一张卡片的权限，就必需在该卡可用的所有控制器上输入该卡片号码，这就大大增加了人工操作和维护的工作量和时间；另外，如果多几个一卡通子系统，或子系统稍大一点时，系统维护管理的复杂程度将是呈几何级数增，将直接导致系统不能正常运行。 For example: the system often put into use new ID cards, one for every new card or a card of a modified mandate, we must be in the cards for all of the input controller card numbers, which greatly increased the operation and maintenance of the workload and time; In addition, if a few more Card subsystems, or slightly larger subsystems, system maintenance and management of the complex will increase geometrically with will be a direct result of normal system operation.
而采用IC卡的一卡通系统，IC卡发行后，卡本身就是一个数据信息载体，即使通讯网络不通，读写控制器照常实现脱机读写卡运行；若更改用户权限，可将用户的权限直接写在IC卡内，新增用户更改权限只需修改卡片即可，完全不必对各个控制器进行修改，从技术机制上避免了管理者到处更改控制器卡片使用权限的问题，达到了提高管理效率、实现智能化管理的目地。 The use of IC cards Card System, IC card issuer, the card itself is a data carrier, even illogical communications networks, achieving literacy remain offline reader controller card operation; If change user privileges, user privileges can be written directly in IC card, the new authority only changed by the user the cards can be modified, not completely all right controller changes, from a technical mechanism to avoid a change of managers everywhere controller card usage rights issue, to increase management efficiency, the head of the intelligent management.
7、 性价比： 7, cost-effective:
虽然ID卡片及ID卡读卡器较IC卡卡片及读卡器便宜，但从整个一卡通系统的构成（布线成本、结构组成）上看，两个系统的价格相当，而只有IC卡系统运行才能稳定、可*，因而IC卡系统的性价比要远高于ID卡系统。 Although ID cards and ID card readers and more IC card reader cheaper, but a whole Card System (cabling costs, structure and composition) perspective, the price is two systems, and only the IC card system operation can be stable, *, thus the cost-effective IC card system to much higher than the ID card system.
另外，考虑到当今小区硬件环境不很成熟，系统维护人员对电脑知识不很熟悉的现实情况，不可能建立或维护一套完备的网络系统，来支持ID卡一卡通系统的24小时不断网运转。 In addition, taking into account the current quarter hardware environment is not mature, system maintenance personnel on computer knowledge is not very familiar with the reality of the situation can not be established or maintained a complete network system to support ID cards Card System 24-hour continuous network operation. 所以，满足联网和脱机运行互相适应的智能IC卡一卡通系统，是当今用户的唯一选择。 Therefore, networking and meet each other to run off-line smart card IC Card system is the user's only choice.
8、 一卡通行业有二个定论： 8, Card industry has two findings:
ID卡不可能做成一卡通（如上所述），ID卡不可能做消费： ID卡不能做消费的最大原因是“信用”问题。 ID cards can cause Card (as mentioned above), the ID cards do not consumption: ID cards do not consumption is the biggest reason for the "credit" problem. 因ID卡无密钥安全认证机制，且不能写卡，所以消费数据和金额只能全部存在电脑的数据库内，而电脑是*物管人员来管理的，从道理上及机制上完全存在作弊空间，另外，万一因电脑问题而导致消费数据崩溃，则将出现灾难性后果。 ID card for non-key security authentication mechanisms, and can not write cards, and the amount of consumption data can all computer databases, and computers * managing staff to manage, from the principles and mechanisms exist entirely cheating space, and, in case of computer problems caused by the collapse of consumer data , the consequences will be catastrophic.
因此，要使消费者认同小区管理的ID卡的权威性（即信用）是不可能的，太多的金钱纠纷只能使ID卡消费系统无法使用。 Therefore, if consumers agree with the district management authority of the ID card (credit) is impossible, too many disputes can only make money consumption ID card system could not be used.
而IC卡消费系统，因为它的高可*性、不可被破解的符合ISO9001国际安全认证机制，更主要因为 “电子钱包”即IC卡就在用户手中，每笔消费金额都由用户自已“掌握”在手中，所以说IC卡消费系统是极有“信用”的消费系统。 Consumer IC card system, because of its highly * of the crack was not consistent with the ISO9001 international security authentication mechanisms, but mainly because "electronic wallet" that the IC cards in the hands of users, each user their own consumption by the amount of "master" in the hands, so that the IC card system is consumption a "credit" consumer system. 当然，联网状态下，电脑内还存有与用户IC卡内一致的数据，对系统而言，这也是实现了双安全数据配份。 Of course, interconnection state, and there are also computer users IC card consistent data on the system, this is achieved with the dual safety data.
9、 IC卡当成ID卡用的“奇怪”现象： 9, IC card as ID cards with the "strange" phenomenon:
有些ID卡设备、系统厂商，迫于IC卡的强大优势，对外也宣称它的系统可用IC卡，但其实与使用ID卡一样，仅用了IC卡公共区的卡号，并无更改其ID卡的系统结构，更不具有IC卡所拥有的密钥认证、读写的安全机制。 Some ID card equipment vendors, system, under IC card powerful advantage, it's also that the IC card system is used, but in fact the use of ID cards, just as IC cards that must precede the public not to change their ID card system architecture, the IC card is not owned by Key Authentication , read and write security mechanism. 所以从实质上推断出其仍是ID卡一卡通系统，与传统的ID卡系统相比只是更浪费资源，更具有期骗性而已，同样无法具有IC卡一卡通系统的优势。 So in essence is still deduce their ID cards Card System, with the traditional ID card system is more than a waste of resources, more of just fooled period, the same can not IC Card system has advantages.
三、结论 3, the conclusion
IC卡能集成复杂的密钥认证与身份鉴别逻辑，必将取代以前的磁卡、ID卡（即感应式“磁卡”）。 IC cards can be integrated complex key authentication and identification logic, will replace the previous cards, ID cards (that is, inductive "magnetic").
由于ID卡系统固有的无密钥认证、可读不可写、需完全依赖网络运行的缺陷，所以，它已不适应当今小区物业对智能一卡通日益增长的需求，必然只能作为过渡性产品会象众所周知的磁卡一样被逐步淘汰。 The ID card system with inherent key authentication, not to write readable, the operation of the network to rely entirely on the shortcomings, so it can no longer meet the current district property right Intelligent Card growing demand inevitably as a transitional product will be known as the same card was phased out.
ID卡不断被淘汰的过程，伴随的必然是智能IC卡一卡通蓬勃发展的过程 ID card was constantly out of the process, with the inevitable smart card IC Card vigorous development process
有个朋友在我的论坛中发表过以下一篇帖，发觉有一定的借鉴性，现转帖出来共享。 I have a friend in a forum published following a written note, I found some of the draw is shared by trainers.
目前，许多建设智能小区或楼宇的发展商要上一卡通的项目，但对于是采用IC卡，还是采用ID卡做一卡通的问题上，还存在着很大的疑惑和误区。 Currently, many Intelligent Community building or buildings on the developers to Card project, but is using IC cards, or using ID cards to Card issue, there are still great doubts and misunderstanding. 这里就谈一下这两种卡的两个重大区别，以帮助大家走出误区。 Here to talk about the two major differences between the two cards to help you out errors.
名词解释： Glossary:
IC卡全称集成电路卡（Integrated Circuit Card），又称智能卡（Smart Card）。 The full name IC card IC (Integrated Circuit Card), also known as a smart card (Smart Card). 可读写，容量大，有加密功能，数据记录可*，使用更方便，如一卡通系统、消费系统等，目前主要有PHILIPS的Mifare系列卡。 Can read and write, high capacity, encryption, data records *, more convenient to use, such as Smart Card System, consumer systems, the main PHILIPS series Mifare cards.
ID卡全称身份识别卡（Identification Card），是一种不可写入的感应卡，含固定的编号，主要有台湾SYRIS的EM格式、美国HID、TI、MOTOROLA等各类ID卡。 ID card name identification cards (Identification Card), is a non-induction into the card, with a fixed number, mainly in Taiwan Syris EM format, HID, TI, Motorola and other kinds of ID cards.
一、为什么IC卡要做初始化（即加密）工作，而ID卡不用？ One, why do initialization IC card (ie encryption), and do not have ID cards?
1、 IC卡在使用时，必须要先通过IC卡与读写设备间特有的双向密钥认证后，才能进行相关工作，从而使整个系统具有极高的安全保障。 One, the use of IC cards, it must by IC card reader devices and the unique two-way key authentication before they can carry out related work, so that the whole system has high security.
所以，就必须对公司出厂的IC卡进行初始化（即加密），目的是在出厂后的IC卡内生成不可破解的一卡通系统密钥，以保证一卡通系统的安全发放机制。 Therefore, the company must be manufactured IC card initialization (encryption), is aimed at the factory after the IC card can not break the Generation Card Key System to ensure the safety of Card System mechanism.
2、 IC卡初始化加密后，交给用户使用时，客户通过IC卡发行系统，又将各用户卡生成自己系统的专用密钥。 2, IC card initialization encryption, to users, customers IC card issuance systems, the cards will generate its own system dedicated key.
这样，就保证了在其它用户系统发行的用户卡不能在该系统使用，保证了系统的专一性，从而保证了系统的安全使用机制。 So, we can be assured that other users in the system of issuing cards users can use the system to ensure that the specificity of the system, thus ensuring the safe use of the system mechanism.
3、 ID卡与磁卡一样，都仅仅使用了“卡的号码”而已，卡内除了卡号外，无任何保密功能，其“卡号”是公开、裸露的。 3, ID cards and magnetic cards, are only used "card numbers" only, in addition to card card numbers, no security function, "must precede" is open, exposed. 所以说ID卡就是“感应式磁卡”，也就根本谈不上需要还是不需要初始化的问题。 So ID card is the "magnetic induction," and it simply does not need or do not need initialization problem.
初始化过程为什么不交由用户自己做呢？ Why not initialization process by the users themselves? 这是因为： This is because:
1）、如果由用户自己初始化，就不能防范用户内部人员作弊。 1), if the user's own initialization, it is impossible to prevent internal users cheating. 因为用户在使用一卡通系统时，若有员工用社会上买来的卡随意初始化，便可随意发行成住户才能使用的住户卡，甚至可随意给卡充值消费，这不仅将造成严重作弊后果，也将导致一卡通系统的安全出现使用机制上的严重漏洞。 Card users because of the use of the system, if employees use the community bought the random initialization cards can be issued free to use the 10% of households households card, or even free to recharge card spending, this will not only cause serious consequences of cheating, Card system will also lead to the use of a safety mechanism on the serious flaws.
2）、另外，若用户买到劣质出厂卡自己初始化，而在系统上不能使用，则会使系统使用性能不良或瘫痪，这将造成事故责任不清。 2) In addition, if users buy their inferior Factory Card initialization, the system can not be used, the system will use bad performance or paralysis, which would clear responsibilities for the accident.
3）、初始化过程在厂家执行，主要是IC卡安全密钥认证机制的基本需要，也是IC卡系统集成商的行规。 3), initialization process manufacturers in the implementation of the IC card security is the main key authentication mechanism for basic needs, but also the IC card system integrator to the regulation. 就象城市公共交通IC卡一样，这些卡在交给公交系统使用前，每张卡的密钥都要进行出厂加密控制。 Like urban public transport as IC cards, these cards to the public transport system, each card key encryption to have control of the factory.
4）、如果因用户缺乏专业性管理而万一丢失了初始化授权用的密钥卡，用户和厂家将无法补用该卡。 4), if the user of the lack of professional management and the event lost initialization authorized by the key card, users and manufacturers will not be able to fill with the card. 所以，初始化工作由厂家做，才有安全保障。 Therefore, the initial work done by the manufacturers, only security.
二、IC卡系统与ID卡系统的比较 2, IC card system with the ID card system comparison
1、 安全性： A security:
IC卡的安全性远大于ID卡。 IC card security than ID cards. ID卡内的卡号读取无任何权限，易于仿制。 ID card read the card number without any authority, easy imitation.
IC卡内所记录数据的读取、写入均需相应的密码认证，甚至卡片内每个区均有不同的密码保护，全面保护数据安全，IC卡写数据的密码与读出数据的密码可设为不同，提供了良好分级管理方式，确保系统安全。 IC card reader records the data and write the corresponding password authentication is required, or even within each of the cards have different password protection, comprehensive protection for data security, IC card passwords and write data conversion password can be set to different classification management provides a good way to ensure system security.
2、 可记录性： 2, record:
ID卡不可写入数据，其记录内容（卡号）只可由芯片生产厂一次性写入，开发商只可读出卡号加以利用，无法根据系统的实际需要制订新的号码管理制度。 ID cards can not be written data, the records of the (card number) can only be a one-time write chip production plant, the developer only readable card numbers to use, not in accordance with the actual need for new numbers management system.
IC卡不仅可由授权用户读出大量数据，而且亦可由授权用户写入大量数据（如新的卡号、用户的权限、用户资料等），IC卡所记录内容可反复擦写。 IC cards not only authorized users can read large amounts of data, but also by authorized users write large amounts of data (such as new card numbers, user privileges, user information), the records of the IC card can be repeatedly erased.
3、 存储容量： 3, storage capacity:
ID卡仅仅记录卡号；而IC卡（比如Philips mifare1卡）可以记录约1000个字符的内容。 ID cards simply record card numbers; IC card (such as Philips mifare1 cards) can be recorded about 1,000 characters in the content.
4、 脱机与联网运行： 4, offline and networking operations:
由于ID卡卡内无内容，故其卡片持有者的权限、系统功能操作要完全依赖于计算机网络平台数据库的支持。 The ID Kaka in London, is the competence of its card holders, operating system functions to depend entirely on the computer network database platform support.
而IC卡本身已记录了大量用户相关内容（卡号、用户资料、权限、消费余额等大量信息），完全可以脱离计算机平台运行，实现联网与脱机自动转换的运行方式，能够达到大范围使用、少布线的需求。 IC card itself has a lot of records relevant to users (card numbers, user information, authority, consumption and the balance of information), can run from the computer platform to achieve interconnection and offline automatic conversion mode of operation can achieve large-scale use, less cabling needs.
5、 一卡通扩展应用： 5, Card expansion applications:
ID卡由于无记录、无分区，只能依赖网络软件来处理各子系统的信息，这就大大增加对网络的依赖；如果在ID卡系统完成后，用户欲增加功能点，则需要另外布线，这不仅增加了工程施工难度，而且增加了不必要的投资。 ID cards because no records, no zoning, only relying on the software to deal with the network subsystem information, which greatly increased reliance on the network; If the ID card system is completed, customers to increase the functional point, the need for additional wiring, which not only increased project construction difficult, but it also increases the unnecessary investment. 所以说，使用ID卡来做系统，难以进行系统扩展，难以实现真正的一卡通。 Therefore, the use of ID card system do, it is difficult for system expansion, it is difficult to realize a real Card.
而IC卡存储区自身分为16个分区，每个分区有不同的密码，具有多个子系统独立管理功能，如第一分区实现门禁、第二分区实现消费、第三分区实现员工考勤等等，充分实现一卡通的目的，并且可以做到完全模块化设计，用户即使要增加功能点，也无需再布线，只需增加硬件和软件模块，这便于IC卡系统以后的随时升级扩展，实现平稳升级，减少重复投资。 IC card into its own storage area 16 divisions, each district has different passwords, independent management subsystem with multiple functions, such as access control of the 1st Division, the 2nd Division of consumption, the 3rd District of staff attendance, and so on, the full realization of the purpose Card, and can be completely modular design, users even more functional, also no longer wiring, hardware and software to increase only module, which facilitates the IC card system upgrade at any time after the expansion and smooth upgrades, reduce duplication of investment.
比如：某小区曾建立了ID卡一卡通系统，但由于ID卡系统的上述弊端，系统无法投入日常使用，因而只能将该系统完全作废，后改采用IC卡一卡通系统。 For example: a district has established a Card ID card system, but because of the ID card system defects, the system could not be deployed for daily use, thus the system can completely void change after using IC cards Card System.
6、 智能化系统的维护和运行： 6, intelligent systems maintenance and operations:
比如：电脑发行了一张新的用户ID卡，就必须通过ID卡系统的网络，用人工方式将所有ID卡号一个个下载到各ID卡读卡控制器中，否则ID卡被作为无效卡而不能使用；若要更改用户权限，则需在每个ID卡控制器上输入有权限的ID卡号。 For example: computer issued a new user ID cards, ID cards must pass on the network, with all manner of an ID card numbers were downloaded to the ID card reader controller, or as an ID card was invalid cards and not use; To change user privileges, take in each ID card Controller importation of competence ID card numbers.
又比如：在系统投入使用后经常要新增ID卡，则每新增一张卡或修改了某一张卡片的权限，就必需在该卡可用的所有控制器上输入该卡片号码，这就大大增加了人工操作和维护的工作量和时间；另外，如果多几个一卡通子系统，或子系统稍大一点时，系统维护管理的复杂程度将是呈几何级数增，将直接导致系统不能正常运行。 For example: the system often put into use new ID cards, one for every new card or a card of a modified mandate, we must be in the cards for all of the input controller card numbers, which greatly increased the operation and maintenance of the workload and time; In addition, if a few more Card subsystems, or slightly larger subsystems, system maintenance and management of the complex will increase geometrically with will be a direct result of normal system operation.
而采用IC卡的一卡通系统，IC卡发行后，卡本身就是一个数据信息载体，即使通讯网络不通，读写控制器照常实现脱机读写卡运行；若更改用户权限，可将用户的权限直接写在IC卡内，新增用户更改权限只需修改卡片即可，完全不必对各个控制器进行修改，从技术机制上避免了管理者到处更改控制器卡片使用权限的问题，达到了提高管理效率、实现智能化管理的目地。 The use of IC cards Card System, IC card issuer, the card itself is a data carrier, even illogical communications networks, achieving literacy remain offline reader controller card operation; If change user privileges, user privileges can be written directly in IC card, the new authority only changed by the user the cards can be modified, not completely all right controller changes, from a technical mechanism to avoid a change of managers everywhere controller card usage rights issue, to increase management efficiency, the head of the intelligent management.
7、 性价比： 7, cost-effective:
虽然ID卡片及ID卡读卡器较IC卡卡片及读卡器便宜，但从整个一卡通系统的构成（布线成本、结构组成）上看，两个系统的价格相当，而只有IC卡系统运行才能稳定、可*，因而IC卡系统的性价比要远高于ID卡系统。 Although ID cards and ID card readers and more IC card reader cheaper, but a whole Card System (cabling costs, structure and composition) perspective, the price is two systems, and only the IC card system operation can be stable, *, thus the cost-effective IC card system to much higher than the ID card system.
另外，考虑到当今小区硬件环境不很成熟，系统维护人员对电脑知识不很熟悉的现实情况，不可能建立或维护一套完备的网络系统，来支持ID卡一卡通系统的24小时不断网运转。 In addition, taking into account the current quarter hardware environment is not mature, system maintenance personnel on computer knowledge is not very familiar with the reality of the situation can not be established or maintained a complete network system to support ID cards Card System 24-hour continuous network operation. 所以，满足联网和脱机运行互相适应的智能IC卡一卡通系统，是当今用户的唯一选择。 Therefore, networking and meet each other to run off-line smart card IC Card system is the user's only choice.
8、 一卡通行业有二个定论： 8, Card industry has two findings:
ID卡不可能做成一卡通（如上所述），ID卡不可能做消费： ID卡不能做消费的最大原因是“信用”问题。 ID cards can cause Card (as mentioned above), the ID cards do not consumption: ID cards do not consumption is the biggest reason for the "credit" problem. 因ID卡无密钥安全认证机制，且不能写卡，所以消费数据和金额只能全部存在电脑的数据库内，而电脑是*物管人员来管理的，从道理上及机制上完全存在作弊空间，另外，万一因电脑问题而导致消费数据崩溃，则将出现灾难性后果。 ID card for non-key security authentication mechanisms, and can not write cards, and the amount of consumption data can all computer databases, and computers * managing staff to manage, from the principles and mechanisms exist entirely cheating space, and, in case of computer problems caused by the collapse of consumer data , the consequences will be catastrophic.
因此，要使消费者认同小区管理的ID卡的权威性（即信用）是不可能的，太多的金钱纠纷只能使ID卡消费系统无法使用。 Therefore, if consumers agree with the district management authority of the ID card (credit) is impossible, too many disputes can only make money consumption ID card system could not be used.
而IC卡消费系统，因为它的高可*性、不可被破解的符合ISO9001国际安全认证机制，更主要因为 “电子钱包”即IC卡就在用户手中，每笔消费金额都由用户自已“掌握”在手中，所以说IC卡消费系统是极有“信用”的消费系统。 Consumer IC card system, because of its highly * of the crack was not consistent with the ISO9001 international security authentication mechanisms, but mainly because "electronic wallet" that the IC cards in the hands of users, each user their own consumption by the amount of "master" in the hands, so that the IC card system is consumption a "credit" consumer system. 当然，联网状态下，电脑内还存有与用户IC卡内一致的数据，对系统而言，这也是实现了双安全数据配份。 Of course, interconnection state, and there are also computer users IC card consistent data on the system, this is achieved with the dual safety data.
9、 IC卡当成ID卡用的“奇怪”现象： 9, IC card as ID cards with the "strange" phenomenon:
有些ID卡设备、系统厂商，迫于IC卡的强大优势，对外也宣称它的系统可用IC卡，但其实与使用ID卡一样，仅用了IC卡公共区的卡号，并无更改其ID卡的系统结构，更不具有IC卡所拥有的密钥认证、读写的安全机制。 Some ID card equipment vendors, system, under IC card powerful advantage, it's also that the IC card system is used, but in fact the use of ID cards, just as IC cards that must precede the public not to change their ID card system architecture, the IC card is not owned by Key Authentication , read and write security mechanism. 所以从实质上推断出其仍是ID卡一卡通系统，与传统的ID卡系统相比只是更浪费资源，更具有期骗性而已，同样无法具有IC卡一卡通系统的优势。 So in essence is still deduce their ID cards Card System, with the traditional ID card system is more than a waste of resources, more of just fooled period, the same can not IC Card system has advantages.
三、结论 3, the conclusion
IC卡能集成复杂的密钥认证与身份鉴别逻辑，必将取代以前的磁卡、ID卡（即感应式“磁卡”）。 IC cards can be integrated complex key authentication and identification logic, will replace the previous cards, ID cards (that is, inductive "magnetic").
由于ID卡系统固有的无密钥认证、可读不可写、需完全依赖网络运行的缺陷，所以，它已不适应当今小区物业对智能一卡通日益增长的需求，必然只能作为过渡性产品会象众所周知的磁卡一样被逐步淘汰。 The ID card system with inherent key authentication, not to write readable, the operation of the network to rely entirely on the shortcomings, so it can no longer meet the current district property right Intelligent Card growing demand inevitably as a transitional product will be known as the same card was phased out.
ID卡不断被淘汰的过程，伴随的必然是智能IC卡一卡通蓬勃发展的过程 ID card was constantly out of the process, with the inevitable smart card IC Card vigorous development process
